{"id":4491,"date":"2011-02-10T20:38:32","date_gmt":"2011-02-10T19:38:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ziserman.com\/blog\/?p=4491"},"modified":"2011-02-10T20:38:32","modified_gmt":"2011-02-10T19:38:32","slug":"le-modele-de-donnees-bien-particulier-de-magento-eav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ziserman.com\/blog\/2011\/02\/10\/le-modele-de-donnees-bien-particulier-de-magento-eav\/","title":{"rendered":"Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es bien particulier de Magento – EAV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bon, de quoi parle-t-on ce coup ci ?<\/p>\n

Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est quoi ?<\/p>\n

Allons y \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

Un syst\u00e8me logiciel web est bas\u00e9 sur une base de donn\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Cette base de donn\u00e9es permet de stocker les informations : produits, clients, commandes, …<\/p>\n

Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est la fa\u00e7on dont est organis\u00e9 cette base.<\/p>\n

Normalement, on a, par exemple, une table pour stocker l’ensemble des informations produit : prix, description, …<\/p>\n

Le probl\u00e8me, c’est que, suivant les besoins, il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire d’ajouter des informations sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Exemple : je vends des v\u00e9los.<\/p>\n

Je veux ajouter, pour le rayon v\u00e9lo : la taille du cadre, la taille des roues, le nombre de vitesses, avant et plateau, …<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vous voyez : on doit ajouter des attributs, sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 certains produits.<\/p>\n

On peut faire \u00e7a en modifiant la table d’origine, mais c’est pas simple :<\/p>\n

Tous les produits n’ont pas les m\u00eames besoins (pour rester sur cet exemple \u00ab\u00a0produit\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

Exemple : On ne peut pas ajouter la taille des roues, pour tous les produits. \u00e7a marche pour les v\u00e9los, pas pour les GPS.<\/p>\n

De plus, cela fait modifier une table du coeur du syst\u00e8me. Lors de la prochaine mise \u00e0 jour, on va mettre \u00e0 jour la table avec une nouvelle, et \u00e9craser les modifications apport\u00e9e pour une boutique particuli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La solution, propos\u00e9e par Magento, est int\u00e9ressante.<\/p>\n

Ils ont appliqu\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le EAV<\/a> : Entity – Attribute – Value<\/p>\n

Pour ceux qui veulent aller dans les d\u00e9tails, je vous propose d’aller voir l’article wikipedia (lien ci dessus).<\/p>\n

L’id\u00e9e est de d\u00e9structurer compl\u00e8tement les choses, et de coder le mod\u00e8le dans les tables… Ce n’est pas tr\u00e8s simple \u00e0 expliquer simplement \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

Bon, concr\u00e8tement, dans un mod\u00e8le EAV, les donn\u00e9es sont regroup\u00e9es non plus en fonction de crit\u00e8res d’organisation (produit, catalogue, …) mais en fonction du type de l’information stock\u00e9e (entier, cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res, …).<\/p>\n

\u00e7a donne \u00e7a (petit bout du mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es) :<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ce mod\u00e8le a comme immense avantage d’apporter une \u00e9norme souplesse : pour rester sur notre exemple de la base des produits, on peut d\u00e9finir des attributs sp\u00e9cifiques par produit, sans que cela impacte l’ensemble des produits de la base. Et ces modifications n’impactent pas la structure de la base : on fait \u00e7a sans ajouter de table, et sans modifier une table. On ne fait que \u00ab\u00a0remplir\u00a0\u00bb la base, avec les bonnes donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Alors, c’est un monde parfait ?<\/p>\n

Non, \u00e7a serait trop beau ;).<\/p>\n

Ce mod\u00e8le, et c’est assez \u00e9vident quand on regarde le mod\u00e8le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Magento, est lourd : il \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9clate\u00a0\u00bb le mod\u00e8le en pleins de tables. Cela a un impact sur les performances, et sur la complexit\u00e9 de mise \u00e0 jour ou m\u00eame d’acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es de la base.<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9gler le probl\u00e8me des performances, Magento a d’ailleur introduit la notion de \u00ab\u00a0table cache\u00a0\u00bb qui permet de \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00e9 calculer\u00a0\u00bb certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments.<\/p>\n

Update : d’apr\u00e8s \u00ab\u00a0une source bien inform\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, il semblerait que ce mod\u00e8le EAV serait remis en question dans la prochaine release majeure : Magento 2. A suivre !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bon, de quoi parle-t-on ce coup ci ? Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est quoi ? Allons y \ud83d\ude09 Un syst\u00e8me logiciel web est bas\u00e9 sur une base de donn\u00e9es. Cette base de donn\u00e9es permet de stocker les informations : produits, clients, commandes, … Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est la fa\u00e7on dont est organis\u00e9 cette base. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[379,371,189],"class_list":["post-4491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-e-commerce","tag-araok","tag-e-commerce","tag-systeme-dinformation-e-commerce"],"yoast_head":"\nLe mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es bien particulier de Magento - EAV - Ziserman.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ziserman.com\/blog\/2011\/02\/10\/le-modele-de-donnees-bien-particulier-de-magento-eav\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es bien particulier de Magento - EAV - Ziserman.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bon, de quoi parle-t-on ce coup ci ? Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est quoi ? Allons y \ud83d\ude09 Un syst\u00e8me logiciel web est bas\u00e9 sur une base de donn\u00e9es. Cette base de donn\u00e9es permet de stocker les informations : produits, clients, commandes, … Le mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es, c’est la fa\u00e7on dont est organis\u00e9 cette base. 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